Knowing the Universe: History and Philosophy of Astronomy (Coursera)

Offered by University of Arizona,
Knowing the Universe: History and Philosophy of Astronomy (Coursera)

This is an introductory level course about the history and philosophy of astronomy, the oldest science. We'll look at how humans learned to ask questions about the universe, and even before the invention of modern instruments like the telescope, learned some amazing things about their place in nature.

Class Deals by MOOC List - Click here and see Coursera's Active Discounts, Deals, and Promo Codes.

We will start with prehistoric cultures who kept accurate calendars and move through the time of the Greek philosophers who laid down the rudiments of logic and mathematics and the modern scientific method. We'll then examine the revolutions of Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton that redefined our place in the universe. We will then learn about the revolutions in physics in the early 20th century that redefined our ideas of space and time, mass and energy. Finally, we will discuss how modern cosmology has shown us that we live in an ancient universe (14 billion years old), in one galaxy in a universe of hundreds of billions of galaxies. At the end, will ask questions that don't necessarily have answers. What came before the Big Bang? Is there anything outside our universe? What is reality? We'll finish by looking at the role of life in the universe and ask whether the earth is the only place with biology on it.

Syllabus

WEEK 1
Welcome to Knowing the Universe: History and Philosophy of Astronomy
This module welcomes students to the course and explains the structure and assignments of the class.

WEEK 2
Prehistory and Greek Science
What was the Early History of Astronomy? From the Neolithic era to the Classical Greek era, we explore the origins of humanity’s fascination with the night sky and the practical applications of their observations and discoveries.

WEEK 3
The Copernican Revolution
In this module we discuss the contributions made to the field of by different civilizations during the Middle Ages. We also explore, with the coming of the Renaissance, how the field of astronomy evolved due to the contributions of Kepler, Brahe, and Galileo.

WEEK 4
The Golden Age of Science
The scientific revolution had a far-reaching impact on the field of astronomy. From Kepler’s laws of planetary motion to Newton’s theory of universal gravity, the Golden Age of Science brings with it new tools and methods to understand the universe and our place in it. Additionally, we discuss how the study of the universe gives us insight into the history of our home planet.

WEEK 5
Mapping Space and Time
This module explores the creation of different astronomical tools and methods used to observe and gather data from the night sky. We then jump to Einstein, his theory of relativity, and how our modern observations give confirmation to the validity of this theory.

WEEK 6
Theory of Atoms and Stars
What are stars? How are they created? How and why do they die? By closely examining atomic theory, the answers to all these questions and more are discussed in this module.

WEEK 7
The Expanding Universe
This module answers the “big questions": how was the universe created, how old is the universe, and will the universe come to and end? Galactic and super-galactic structures are examined as well.

WEEK 8
Life Beyond the Earth
This module attempts to answer one of humanity’s most pressing questions: are we alone in the universe? Through the discussion of exoplanets and astrobiology, we hope to shed some light on this matter.

Go to Class
MOOC List is learner-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission.

Related Courses

Chemistry (Coursera) Coursera
University of Kentucky

Chemistry (Coursera)

This course is designed to cover subjects in advanced high school chemistry courses, correlating to the standard topics as established by the American Chemical Society. This course is a precursor to the Advanced Chemistry Coursera course. Areas that are covered include atomic structure, periodic trends, compounds, reactions and stoichiometry, bonding, and thermochemistry.

Sep 7th 2026
5-12 Weeks
The Science of the Solar System (Coursera) Coursera
Caltech

The Science of the Solar System (Coursera)

Learn about the science behind the current exploration of the solar system in this free class. Use principles from physics, chemistry, biology, and geology to understand the latest from Mars, comprehend the outer solar system, ponder planets outside our solar system, and search for habitability in our neighborhood and beyond. This course is generally taught at an advanced level assuming a prior knowledge of undergraduate math and physics, but the majority of the concepts and lectures can be understood without these prerequisites.

Sep 21st 2026
5-12 Weeks
Analyzing the Universe (Coursera) Coursera
Rutgers University

Analyzing the Universe (Coursera)

Using publicly available data from NASA of actual satellite observations of astronomical x-ray sources, we explore some of the mysteries of the cosmos, including neutron stars, black holes, quasars and supernovae. We will analyze energy spectra and time series data to understand how these incredible objects work. We utilize an imaging tool called DS9 to explore the amazing diversity of astronomical observations that have made x-ray astronomy one of the most active and exciting fields of scientific investigation in the past 50 years.

Aug 31st 2026
5-12 Weeks
D'un infini à l'autre (Coursera) Coursera
École Polytechnique

D'un infini à l'autre (Coursera)

Partez à la découverte de l'infiniment petit et de l'infiniment grand, en compagnie de physiciens et de physiciennes qui vont vous faire découvrir les liens entre la structure de la matière aux distances les plus petites et l'organisation de l'Univers aux distances les plus grandes ce jour, et entre les outils scientifiques utilisés pour les étudier. Vous découvrirez que de nombreux messagers venus de notre Univers (le photon, les neutrinos, ou encore les rayons cosmiques) sont aussi des objets d'intérêt pour les physiciens qui étudient la matière aux échelles les plus petites.

Sep 7th 2026
4 Weeks
Astro 101: Black Holes (Coursera) Coursera
University of Alberta

Astro 101: Black Holes (Coursera)

What is a black hole? Do they really exist? How do they form? How are they related to stars? What would happen if you fell into one? How do you see a black hole if they emit no light? What’s the difference between a black hole and a really dark star? Could a particle accelerator create a black hole? Can a black hole also be a worm hole or a time machine? In Astro 101: Black Holes, you will explore the concepts behind black holes. Using the theme of black holes, you will learn the basic ideas of astronomy, relativity, and quantum physics.

Sep 14th 2026
5-12 Weeks
Control of Nonlinear Spacecraft Attitude Motion (Coursera) Coursera
University of Colorado Boulder

Control of Nonlinear Spacecraft Attitude Motion (Coursera)

This course trains you in the skills needed to program specific orientation and achieve precise aiming goals for spacecraft moving through three dimensional space. First, we cover stability definitions of nonlinear dynamical systems, covering the difference between local and global stability. We then analyze and apply Lyapunov's Direct Method to prove these stability properties, and develop a nonlinear 3-axis attitude pointing control law using Lyapunov theory. Finally, we look at alternate feedback control laws and closed loop dynamics.

Aug 31st 2026
4 Weeks
Quantum Optics 1 : Single Photons (Coursera) Coursera
École Polytechnique

Quantum Optics 1 : Single Photons (Coursera)

This course gives you access to basic tools and concepts to understand research articles and books on modern quantum optics. You will learn about quantization of light, formalism to describe quantum states of light without any classical analogue, and observables allowing one to demonstrate typical quantum properties of these states. These tools will be applied to the emblematic case of a one-photon wave packet, which behaves both as a particle and a wave.

Sep 21st 2026
5-12 Weeks
Big History - From the Big Bang until Today (Coursera) Coursera
University of Amsterdam

Big History - From the Big Bang until Today (Coursera)

Welcome to this Big History course! In this course, renowned scientists and scholars from the University of Amsterdam and beyond will take you on a journey from the Big Bang until today while addressing key questions in their fields. After completing this journey you will have developed a better understanding of how you and everything around you became the way they are today.

Aug 31st 2026
4 Weeks
The Diversity of Exoplanets (Coursera) Coursera
University of Geneva

The Diversity of Exoplanets (Coursera)

In this MOOC, you will have the opportunity to practice several methods of detection and characterisation of exoplanets. You will discover their statistical properties and the current state of knowledge we have in this very recent field of research. You will also understand the limitations and biases of the different detection techniques.

Sep 21st 2026
5-12 Weeks
Philosophy and the Sciences: Introduction to the Philosophy of Physical Sciences (Coursera) Coursera
University of Edinburgh

Philosophy and the Sciences: Introduction to the Philosophy of Physical Sciences (Coursera)

What is the origin of our universe? What are dark matter and dark energy? This is the first part of the course 'Philosophy and the Sciences', dedicated to Philosophy of the Physical Sciences. Scientific research across the physical sciences has raised pressing questions for philosophers. The goal of this course is to introduce you to some of the main areas and topics at the key juncture between philosophy and the physical sciences.

Sep 21st 2026
4 Weeks
Les deux infinis et nous (Coursera) Coursera
École Polytechnique

Les deux infinis et nous (Coursera)

Partez à la découverte de l'infiniment grand et de l'infiniment petit dans leurs aspects les plus proches de notre quotidien, en compagnie de physiciens et de physiciennes qui vont vous faire découvrir leur présence insoupçonnée dans notre vie de tous les jours. Vous vous initierez à la vie et aux métiers d'une grande collaboration en physique de l'infiniment petit et de l'infiniment grand, vous découvrirez comment les outils développés dans ces domaines ont trouvé des applications inattendues, comment la physique nucléaire a profondément modifié les domaines de l'énergie et de la santé, et comment les propriétés de certaines particules aident à présent d'autres disciplines à sonder la matière d'une manière totalement différente.

Sep 7th 2026
4 Weeks
Astrobiology: Exploring Other Worlds (Coursera) Coursera
University of Arizona

Astrobiology: Exploring Other Worlds (Coursera)

How are astronomers approaching their search for life in the universe? What have we learned from the surge of exoplanets discoveries? How likely is it that Earth does not host the only life in the Universe? In this course we explore the field of astrobiology, an emerging multidisciplinary field. Progress in astrobiology is driven by telescopes on the ground and in space, and by new insights on how life emerged on Earth and its diversity.

Sep 21st 2026
5-12 Weeks