社会调查与研究方法 (上)Methodologies in Social Research (Part I) (Coursera)

Offered by Peking University,
社会调查与研究方法 (上)Methodologies in Social Research (Part I) (Coursera)

社会调查与研究方法,首先,是一套观察社会现象、测量社会现象的工具;其次,是一套分析和运用社会现象数据的科学方法;最高境界,则是一套针对社会、经济、教育、政治、法律、管理、公共卫生、新闻报道等人类的生产与生活现象,进行科学沟通的思维逻辑与表达方式。

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Syllabus

WEEK 1
第00周 关于这门课
进入一个新的学习领域,首先要对这个领域的基本问题有所了解。本周将概要地说明什么是社会调查与研究,讨论这门课涉及的5个基本概念;介绍课程的课程目的、主要内容;介绍课程会用到的教材和参考教材、扩展读物;以及教学安排、学习方式、成绩评定方法。

WEEK 2
第01周 科学与社会研究
对社会现象的研究,是人类科学活动的重要组成部分。本周的主要内容包括:什么是社会现象?与自然现象相比,社会现象有哪些特征?社会现象有规律吗?对于国人皆知的春运,可以从中提炼出哪些研究性议题?社会研究与科学思维有什么关系?社会研究等于社会调查吗?什么是知情同意?在研究中,研究者还需遵循哪些伦理与政治原则等。

WEEK 3
第02周 社会科学研究与理论
在科学研究中,理论是起点,也是目标。本周在理论层次探讨社会研究、社会调查与研究方法。课程从常识开始,逐步过渡到理论,同时试图区分常识与理论的关系。主要内容包括:什么是社会科学理论?社会科学理论与自然科学理论有什么异同?如何在理论与经验研究之间建立衔接?如何理解社会调查与社会科学理论之间的关系?在社会调查中,如何与理论互动?

WEEK 4
第03周 社会调查与研究方法的原理
近代以来,社会科学研究方法的基础是科学实验。本周探讨社会调查与研究方法的原理——科学实验原理。主要内容包括:什么是科学实验?科学实验由哪些基本要素构成?科学实验的基本原理是什么?怎样设计一项科学实验?实验设计有哪些种类?实验设计的核心难题是什么?如何解决?实验原理与社会研究与调查方法有什么关联?

WEEK 5
第04周 社会科学研究的问题选择与数据获取
运用科学原理进行研究的基本素材是围绕研究问题的数据。本周关注两个议题:选题和获取数据。主要内容包括:什么是研究问题?研究问题从哪里来?如何选择研究问题,以及如何把研究问题操作化?什么是研究数据?研究数据有哪些形态?如何获取数据?

WEEK 6
第05周 概念、变量与测量
在社会科学中,获得数据的基本方法是测量。本周讨论一个非常重要的议题:概念、变量和测量,也是社会调查与研究的基础。主要内容包括:什么是概念化和操作化?概念化和操作化有哪些方法与程序?变量有哪四种测量层次?针对各类变量的测量,需要遵循什么原则?作为测量工具的指标和量表,两者之间有何异同?如何检验测量质量?

WEEK 7
第06周 抽样设计
经济且有效地获取研究数据的方法之一是抽样调查。本周讨论另一个非常重要的议题:抽样。主要内容包括:什么是抽样?抽样有哪些基本要素,需要遵循什么逻辑?抽样误差有哪些来源?如何才能减少抽样误差?概率抽样和非概率抽样分别有哪些类型?各自适用于什么样的情境?如何选择、设计并实施一个抽样方案?

WEEK 8
第07周 实施方案与研究设计
社会调查与研究需要广泛的合作。规则性的文本,是避免合作中出现差错的依据。本周讨论社会调查与研究准备阶段的文本写作。主要内容包括:什么是实施方案?实施方案必须包含哪些内容?技术方案和组织方案分别又包含哪些内容?什么是研究计划书?如何撰写研究计划书?

WEEK 9
期末

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