Initiation à la théorie des distributions (Coursera)

Offered by École Polytechnique,
Initiation à la théorie des distributions (Coursera)

Une fonction discontinue peut-elle être solution d'une équation différentielle? Comment définir rigoureusement la masse de Dirac (une "fonction" d'intégrale un, nulle partout sauf en un point) et ses dérivées? Peut-on définir une notion de "dérivée d'ordre fractionnaire"? Cette initiation aux distributions répond à ces questions - et à bien d'autres.

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Dans plusieurs domaines des sciences (physique, mécanique, analyse numérique, etc.) apparaît la nécessité de développer un calcul différentiel "généralisé" pour des fonctions peu régulières, par exemple discontinues. La première leçon présente une situation de ce genre. L'objet de ce cours est d'introduire la théorie des distributions qui fournit une réponse élégante à ce problème.

Dans un premier temps, nous présentons la notion de distribution, généralisant la notion de fonction, et les premières propriétés de ces objets mathématiques.
On montre ensuite comment certaines opérations bien connues sur les fonctions, en particulier la dérivation, se prolongent naturellement au cadre des distributions.
Le cours s'achève sur quelques applications à des exemples classiques d'équations aux dérivées partielles linéaires.

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