Come ci si governa nel mondo (e in Italia) (Federica Web Learning)

Come ci si governa nel mondo (e in Italia) (Federica Web Learning)

Com’è organizzato il potere politico nelle nostre democrazie? Chi comanda e perché? Su quali basi giuridiche? Secondo quali soluzioni organizzative, o 'modelli', appunto? Sviluppatisi sulla base di quali criteri e principi? Adottati seguendo quali tradizioni culturali? Con quali vantaggi e quali svantaggi? Perseguendo quali obiettivi e nel rispetto di quali valori? E come si comportano quei diversi 'modelli' nella loro dinamica? Questo, è un corso giuridico, anche se, come vedremo subito, si avvale di altre discipline fino al punto che lo si potrebbe considerare – in realtà – multidisciplinare.

Esso ha come oggetto il modo come vengono individuati ed operano i soggetti ai quali è riconosciuta (in un dato ordinamento, in una data società, in un dato Paese) la capacità giuridica di esercitare la funzione di guida politica: questo è appunto ciò che i giuristi costituzionalisti chiamano 'forma di governo'. Ciascun ordinamento costituzionale, ciascuna comunità politica, ha una sua propria 'forma di governo', sue proprie istituzioni politiche e queste possono essere classificate sulla base di una tipologia che, pur dando luogo a numerose varianti, si riconduce a pochi modelli base. Il corso si propone di studiare le origini di questi modelli e le caratteristiche principali assunte da ciascuno di essi, tenendo conto delle evoluzioni più recenti, al fine di trarne indicazioni per il presente e per il futuro, nell’ottica di una necessaria costante manutenzione costituzionale. Il corso non trascura le acquisizioni della miglior politologia nè quelle di altre scienze a partire dalla storia politica e istituzionale e dall’antropologia culturale, nella convinzione che le soluzioni giuridiche vanno sempre e comunque valutate in relazione a uno specifico contesto. Lo scopo ultimo del corso è duplice: comprendere la problematica delle forme di governo nel mondo, in particolare come essa si pone oggi; capire i problemi di lungo periodo della forma di governo italiana e la natura delle sue trasformazioni.

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