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Claves para leer imágenes (edX)

Claves para leer imágenes (edX)

Vivimos en la era de la revolución icónica. Necesitamos métodos para comprender las imágenes. Los mapas, los paisajes, las obras de arte, los medios de masas, las películas de cine y las páginas de internet nos hablan, por lo que debemos conocer sus códigos para entenderlas. Conoce las claves para analizar las imágenes históricas que hemos producido los seres humanos. Tenemos dos objetivos: enseñar a utilizarlas como documentos históricos y emplearlas como recursos didácticos.

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La especie humana ha elaborado imágenes con fines religiosos, informativos o placenteros desde sus orígenes. La sociedad ha experimentado un proceso de multiplicación icónica. Una densidad figurativa o abstracta que se ha acelerado en los últimos siglos. El homo sapiens se ha ido transformando cada vez más rápidamente en homo videns. En la historia de la humanidad, se ha verificado el paso de la pintura sagrada del santuario rupestre a la actual era de la saturación de imágenes.

En este MOOC partimos de la teoría de la imagen, proporcionando varios métodos para analizarlas. Nos detendremos en las imágenes del poder a través de la Historia. También pondremos un ejemplo de imágenes en la larga duración histórica, concretado en las Cruzadas, cuyas representaciones han ido evolucionando desde los arquetipos medievales hasta la deformación contemporánea del concepto. En el mundo del arte aprenderemos a leer pinturas, esculturas y arquitecturas. Después analizaremos los medios de comunicación de masas. La imprenta divulgó textos y grabados entre las élites. La caricatura y el cómic, el cartel y la publicidad, provocaron la sonrisa o la ira en unos espectadores que acabaron por sucumbir a la seducción de las ilustraciones.
La invención de la fotografía, pronto asequible a muchos bolsillos, democratizó la imagen. “El hombre ha vencido a la muerte”, dijeron los críticos. El nacimiento del mismo desencadenó una carrera frenética entre los inventores. Los hermanos Lumière patentaron el cinematógrafo. Las películas viajaron a los cinco continentes y los pueblos se pusieron rostro unos a otros. En adelante, al tiempo que surgían nuevos medios audiovisuales, a la par que el mudo se globalizaba, el universo pasó a contemplarse en una pantalla. La historia pasó a leerse en imágenes.
En él creemos que las imágenes nunca han perdido su aura mágica. ¿Por qué se destruyen las estatuas de los gobernantes tiranos? ¿Por qué llevamos fotos de nuestros seres queridos en el móvil? ¿Por qué el creyente besa iconos y estampas religiosas? La razón está en que seguimos creyendo que las imágenes influyen en nuestras vidas.
Ese carisma de la imagen la hace intermediaria entre la realidad y nuestra percepción. De ahí que las personas de pensamiento poco formado confundan la imagen con su verdad. Como el niño que mira detrás del espejo para ver dónde se esconde su imagen. La hechicera que practica vudú para dañar a una persona. O el amante despechado que rompe la foto de su pareja.
This course is part of the Lectura de imágenes históricas XSeries Program.

What you'll learn

  • Enseñar a leer imágenes: teorías y métodos para analizar las imágenes.
  • Repasar la historia de las imágenes, desde las pinturas prehistóricas a internet.
  • Estudiar las imágenes del poder: de los reyes de la Antigüedad a los presidentes democráticos, la propaganda política y la iconoclastia o destrucción de imágenes.
  • Hacer un seguimiento iconográfico en la larga duración histórica de dos temas: las Cruzadas y El Quijote.
  • Analizar cómo las imágenes han sido tratadas por los medios de comunicación de masas, que van desde la imprenta hasta el cine. De manera que repasaremos el grabado, la fotografía, el cartelismo, la publicidad, los cómics, el cine, la televisión y las pantallas de la era de internet.
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