Sistemas agrosilvopastoriles: una alternativa climáticamente inteligente para la ganadería (Coursera)

Sistemas agrosilvopastoriles: una alternativa climáticamente inteligente para la ganadería (Coursera)

El mundo enfrenta hoy el titánico reto de alimentar a una población creciente en un contexto de cambio climático y con mayores presiones sobre los ecosistemas naturales. En particular, las proyecciones indican que el consumo de carne a nivel mundial se duplicará en los próximos 20 años por el incremento de la población, del ingreso y por cambios en los patrones de consumo. La demanda para carne de calidad seguirá incrementando a una tasa del 5% anual en países en desarrollo durante las próximas cuatro décadas con lo cual la presión sobre los bosques no desaparecerá.

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A la par, el desarrollo de la ganadería representa una fuente de alimento y recursos económicos para miles de familias rurales. En números llanos, una tercera parte de la población mundial depende de la agricultura para su supervivencia y el 60% de los agricultores también son ganaderos. La ganadería proporciona ingresos y alimento a mil millones de personas pobres y para muchos campesinos en condición de pobreza, el ganado es una fuente de energía como fuerza de tiro, un medio de transporte, una fuente esencial de fertilizante orgánico para cultivos agrícolas, provee subproductos como la lana y el cuero, y funge como un mecanismo de ahorro y capital en momentos de necesidad económica, por ejemplo mediante la venta o el intercambio de un animal en caso de ser necesario.
En este curso, ofrecido por la UNAM, se abordan los beneficios y retos de la ganadería y la necesidad de transitar hacia nuevos esquemas de producción más amigable con el ambiente. Asimismo, profundiza en los sistemas agrosilvopastoriles como alternativas productivas sociales y ambientalmente viables, así como rentables que no sólo repercuten en el bienestar a nivel local sino que contribuyen al cumplimiento de metas globales de desarrollo sostenible. A lo largo del curso, se presentarán conceptos clave tales como “ganadería climáticamente inteligente”, “buenas prácticas ganaderas”,“manejo integral del paisaje” y los “servicios ecosistémicos”.

Syllabus

WEEK 1
Importancia de la ganadería convencional y su problemática para el desarrollo sostenible
¿Sabías que una tercera parte de la población mundial depende de la agricultura para su supervivencia y el 60 % de los agricultores también son ganaderos? Así es, la ganadería es fundamental porque proporciona ingresos y alimento a mil millones de personas pobres. Sin embargo, también produce más emisiones de Gases Efecto Invernadero que todo el transporte a nivel mundial, de acuerdo a la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO). De todos los usos humanos, la ganadería utiliza la mayor porción de superficie terrestre. En este módulo veremos la importancia de la ganadería y sus grandes impactos en términos de deforestación, cambio climático, uso y contaminación del agua, degradación de suelos y pérdida de biodiversidad.

WEEK 2
Ganadería climáticamente inteligente
Después de un recorrido por efectos negativos que tiene una ganadería mal manejada sobre el medio ambiente, en este módulo platicaremos sobre una nueva forma de hacer y ver la producción ganadera. La Ganadería Climáticamente Inteligente es una respuesta a la problemática actual: busca que la ganadería sea más productiva, permita la adaptación al cambio climático y contribuya a reducir las emisiones a través de un manejo adecuado.

WEEK 3
Los sistemas agrosilvopastoriles, caracterización y viabilidad
En este módulo se explica en qué consisten los sistemas agrosilvopastoriles y cuáles son sus principios básicos. Posteriormente, se puntualizan los diversos arreglos que pueden implementarse y cómo se complementan prácticas y componentes para que el arreglo funcione como un sistema integral, maximizando los beneficios productivos y ambientales.

WEEK 4
Beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales y su aporte a metas globales para el desarrollo
Los sistemas agrosilvopastoriles son sistemas complejos y altamente funcionales, como ya platicamos en el módulo anterior. En este módulo se puntualizan sus beneficios ambientales, económicos y sociales en un plano local y regional. En un nivel más amplio, las acciones que se realicen tienen un impacto que contribuye a cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, las metas para la conservación y combate al cambio climático. En el módulo se explican dichos aportes a nivel internacional.

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