EdX

L’eau et les sols - Hydrodynamique des milieux poreux (edX)

L’eau et les sols - Hydrodynamique des milieux poreux (edX)

Ce cours de spécialisation vous donnera les clés pour comprendre, modéliser et mesurer les processus de transferts de l’eau dans le sol. Comment l’eau de pluie s'infiltre-t-elle dans le sol (et quelle partie ruisselle) ? Quelle est la recharge d’une nappe ? Quelle quantité d’eau un sol peut-il retenir ? Quelle sont les directions des flux de polluants dans un sol ?

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Ce cours s’adresse aux ingénieurs, techniciens et étudiants désireux d'accroître ou de rafraîchir leurs connaissances dans le domaine de l’hydrodynamique des sols, pour des applications aussi diverses que l’agronomie, l’environnement, l’irrigation ou la mécanique des sols. Il vous permettra d’acquérir les bases nécessaires à l’utilisation d’outils de modélisation hydrologique, d’irrigation, ou de pollution diffuse.

What you'll learn
A la fin de ce cours, vous serez capables de :

  • définir ce qu’est un milieu poreux
  • interpréter et mesurer les courbes de rétention et de conductivité des sols
  • effectuer des calculs d’infiltration dans les sols
  • identifier les principaux facteurs déterminant les propriétés hydrauliques des sols
  • utiliser des appareils de mesure de la teneur en eau du sol

Course Syllabus

Chapitre 1 : concepts de base
Ce chapitre est destiné à l’exploration des propriétés de base de l’eau et des milieux poreux. Nous y définirons ce qu’est un sol ainsi que les variables qui le caractérisent, telles que la teneur en eau, la masse volumique, etc. Nous étudierons enfin les techniques de mesure de la teneur en eau.

Chapitre 2 : la rétention de l’eau
Nous présenterons dans cette partie une propriété-clé des milieux poreux : la capacité qu’ils ont à retenir l’eau. Nous définirons les notions de potentiel de l’eau et de capillarité, et nous nous attellerons à définir la courbe de rétention d’un sol. Nous apprendrons aussi à mesurer la tension de l’eau du sol.

Chapitre 3 : les écoulements dans les sols
Dans ce chapitre, nous nous intéresserons à la facilité avec laquelle les milieux poreux conduisent l’eau. Nous définirons la conductivité hydraulique en milieu saturé et non-saturé, et établirons ensuite les lois de base des écoulements dans les milieux poreux non-saturés : les lois de Darcy et de Richards(on). Nous nous attarderons aussi sur la caractérisation de la conductivité hydraulique en conditions saturées.

Chapitre 4 : l’infiltration - modèles et méthodes
Après une courte digression sur la méthode de Wind, permettant de déterminer les propriétés hydrodynamiques de ces milieux en partant de la saturation, ce chapitre se concentrera sur une variable importante des mouvements d’eau dans les sols : l’infiltration. Nous étudierons en détail ce processus et les techniques de laboratoire et de terrain utilisant l’infiltration pour caractériser les propriétés hydrodynamiques des milieux poreux.

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